腹腔镜胆总管探查术在有上腹部手术史患者中的应用

目的:探讨有上腹部手术史患者行腹腔镜胆总管探查术的可行性和临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2007年-2013年实施腹腔镜胆总管探查术(LCBDE)患者共90例,分为两组,A组为有上腹部手术史行LCBDE术(n=45),B组为既往无手术史行LCBDE术(n=45),比较两组之间手术时间、中转开腹率、结石残留率、术后并发症率、住院时间、结石复发率。结果:A组和B组在中转开腹率、结石残留率、术后并发症率、住院时间、结石复发率上并没有统计学差异(P0.05),而A组手术时间长于B组(P0.05)。结论:有上腹部手术史患者行LCBDE是安全可行的。成功的关键在于合适的病例选择、全面的术前评估、合理的穿刺点选择和精确的术中操作。     

Local electrostatic interactions determine the diameter of fusion pores

In regulated exocytosis vesicular and plasma membranes merge to form a fusion pore in response to stimulation. The nonselective cation HCN channels are involved in the regulation of unitary exocytotic events by at least 2 mechanisms. They can affect SNARE-dependent exocytotic activity indirectly, via the modulation of free intracellular calcium; and/or directly, by altering local cation concentration, which affects fusion pore geometry likely via electrostatic interactions. By monitoring membrane capacitance, we investigated how extracellular cation concentration affects fusion pore diameter in pituitary cells and astrocytes. At low extracellular divalent cation levels predominantly transient fusion events with widely open fusion pores were detected. However, fusion events with predominately narrow fusion pores were present at elevated levels of extracellular trivalent cations. These results show that electrostatic interactions likely help determine the stability of discrete fusion pore states by affecting fusion pore membrane composition.     

Nucleocytoplasmic transport of intrinsically disordered proteins studied by high‐speed super‐resolution microscopy

Both natively folded and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) destined for the nucleus need to transport through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in eukaryotic cells. NPCs allow for passive diffusion of small folded proteins while barricading large ones, unless they are facilitated by nuclear transport receptors. However, whether nucleocytoplasmic transport of IDPs would follow these rules remains unknown. By using a high‐speed super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy, we have measured transport kinetics and 3D spatial locations of transport routes through native NPCs for various IDPs. Our data revealed that the rules executed for folded proteins are not well followed by the IDPs. Instead, both large and small IDPs can passively diffuse through the NPCs. Furthermore, their diffusion efficiencies and routes are differentiated by their content ratio of charged (Ch) and hydrophobic (Hy) amino acids. A Ch/Hy‐ratio mechanism was finally suggested for nucleocytoplasmic transport of IDPs.     

全面与选择性腹部超声检查对急腹症诊断效果及满意度的影响

目的:探讨全面与选择性腹部超声检查对急腹症的诊断效果,评价患者对两种诊断方式的满意度。方法:选择2017年3月至2019年6月我院诊治的疑似急腹症患者146例为研究对象,所有患者均进行全面腹部超声检查和选择性腹部超声检查,比较两种检查方式的诊断符合率、敏感度、特异度、误诊率、漏诊率、超声检查时间、诊断时间、延迟诊断率、检查费用及满意度。结果:全面腹部超声检查诊断急腹症的符合率、敏感度、特异度高于选择性腹部超声,误诊率、漏诊率低于选择性腹部超声(P0.05)。与选择性腹部超声比较,全面腹部超声检查时间较长,诊断时间较短,延迟诊断率较低,检查费用较高(P0.05)。患者对全面腹部超声检查的满意度为97.26%,高于选择性腹部超声的71.92%(P0.05)。结论:与选择性腹部超声检查比较,全面腹部超声检查诊断急腹症时间较长,费用较高,但在准确性、漏诊、误诊、延迟诊断、患者满意度等方面优势明显,是诊断急腹症的有效方法。     

Anticandidal activity of synthetic peptides: Mechanism of action revealed by scanning electron and fluorescence microscopies and synergism effect with nystatin

Candida albicans has emerged as a major public health problem in recent decades. The most important contributing factor is the rapid increase in resistance to conventional drugs worldwide. Synthetic antimicrobial peptides (SAMPs) have attracted substantial attention as alternatives and/or adjuvants in therapeutic treatments due to their strong activity at low concentrations without apparent toxicity. Here, two SAMPs, named Mo‐CBP₃‐PepI (CPAIQRCC) and Mo‐CBP₃‐PepII (NIQPPCRCC), are described, bioinspired by Mo‐CBP₃, which is an antifungal chitin‐binding protein from Moringa oleifera seeds. Furthermore, the mechanism of anticandidal activity was evaluated as well as their synergistic effects with nystatin. Both peptides induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell wall degradation, and large pores in the C. albicans cell membrane. In addition, the peptides exhibited high potential as adjuvants because of their synergistic effects, by increasing almost 50‐fold the anticandidal activity of the conventional antifungal drug nystatin. These peptides have excellent potential as new drugs and/or adjuvants to conventional drugs for treatment of clinical infections caused by C. albicans.     

Morphological and ultrastructural characterization of olfactory sensilla in Drosophila suzukii: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy

Drosophila suzukii is a serious horticultural and quarantine pest, damaging various berry crops. Although the active use of olfactory communication in D. suzukii is well-known, their olfactory sensory system has not been comprehensively reported. Therefore, the present study was carried out to understand the morphology, distribution and ultrastructure of olfactory sensilla present in the antennae and maxillary palps of D. suzukii, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The olfactory sensilla on the antennae of D. suzukii in both sexes could be classified into three major morphological types, basiconic, trichoid and coeloconic sensilla, according to their shapes. The antennal basiconic sensilla were further divided into three subtypes and the antennal trichoid sensilla into two subtypes, respectively, according to the size of individual sensillum. In contrast to the antennal olfactory sensilla showing diverse morphology, basiconic sensilla was the only type of olfactory sensilla in the maxillary palps of D. suzukii. The basiconic sensilla in the maxillary palps could be further classified into three subtypes, based on their size. Our SEM and TEM observations indicated that multiple nanoscale pores are present on the surface of all types of olfactory sensilla in the antennae and maxillary palps, except coeloconic sensilla. The difference in the morphological types and the distribution of olfactory sensilla suggests that their olfactory functions are different between antennae and maxillary palps in D. suzukii. The results of this study provide useful information for further studies to determine the function of olfactory sensilla in D. suzukii and to understand their chemical communication system.     

复杂性腹腔感染的病原菌分布及APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分联合PCT检测的预后评估价值研究

摘要 目的：探讨复杂性腹腔感染的病原菌分布及急性生理和慢性健康状况Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）评分、序贯器官衰竭（SOFA）评分联合降钙素原（PCT）检测的预后评估价值。方法：选择合肥市第二人民医院2016年1月至2020年10月收治的80例复杂性腹腔感染患者,分析腹腔细菌的病原菌分布情况。根据患者预后情况分为生存组（n=45）、死亡组（n=35）,比较两组APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、PCT、C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞计数（WBC）、中性粒细胞比例、血乳酸水平。分析患者预后的影响因素,并应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、PCT及三者联合检测对预后的预测价值。结果：80例复杂性腹腔感染患者共培养出病原菌112株,其中革兰氏阳性球菌20株（占比17.86%）,革兰氏阴性杆菌64株（占比57.14%）,真菌28株（占比25.00%）。死亡组白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌感染比例显著高于存活组,大肠杆菌感染比例显著低于存活组（P<0.05）,死亡组血清APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、PCT、CRP、血乳酸水平显著高于存活组,WBC、中性粒细胞比例显著低于存活组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,铜绿假单胞菌感染、白色念珠菌感染、APACHEⅡ评分≥20分、SOFA评分≥14分、PCT≥7.00 ng/mL、CRP≥100.00 mg/L、血乳酸≥4 mmol/L、WBC<6.00×10⁹、中性粒细胞比例<80.00%是患者死亡的危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分联合PCT检测对患者预后评估的敏感度为95.93%,特异度为92.38%。结论：复杂性腹腔感染以革兰氏阴性杆菌为主,其死亡危险因素较多,联合检测APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及PCT评估预后价值较高。     

昆虫中的核输出现象

核质转运是真核细胞生命活动重要的组成部分,细胞核内蛋白的平衡及转录出的RNA出核成熟过程都依赖于核输出,核输出与真核生物的生命活动密切相关;病原物在侵染昆虫时也会利用宿主的核输出机制干扰宿主的免疫反应或劫持宿主的核输出蛋白以利于病毒的组装及复制.本文主要介绍真核细胞中核输出的基本机制、蚊子和果蝇等模式昆虫中核输出通路;简述核输出机制在昆虫胚胎发育及免疫等生理活动及信号通路中的影响,以及与昆虫相关的病毒蛋白对昆虫等宿主核输出机制的利用和破坏情况.